Ian Mosby’s article, the subject of an earlier post here, “Nutrition Research and Human Biomedical Experimentation in Aboriginal Communities and Residential Schools, 1942–1952“, published in Histoire sociale/Social history, is available for a limited time for free at the MUSE website (PDF here).
An absolute must read.
Here is the abstract:
Between 1942 and 1952, some of Canada’s leading nutrition experts, in cooperation with various federal departments, conducted an unprecedented series of nutritional studies of Aboriginal communities and residential schools. The most ambitious and perhaps best known of these was the 1947–1948 James Bay Survey of the Attawapiskat and Rupert’s House Cree First Nations. Less well known were two separate long-term studies that went so far as to include controlled experiments conducted, apparently without the subjects’ informed consent or knowledge, on malnourished Aboriginal populations in Northern Manitoba and, later, in six Indian residential schools. This article explores these studies and experiments, in part to provide a narrative record of a largely unexamined episode of exploitation and neglect by the Canadian government. At the same time, it situates these studies within the context of broader federal policies governing the lives of Aboriginal peoples, a shifting Canadian consensus concerning the science of nutrition, and changing attitudes towards the ethics of biomedical experimentation on human beings during a period that encompassed, among other things, the establishment of the Nuremberg Code of experimental research ethics.
The high protein diets of aboriginal populations was substituted with inferior foods at these schools where children were being reprogrammed away from their tribal ways, over-worked in maintenance of the institution, and provided with the most basic education preparing them for menial, low-paying jobs, while damaging their self-images, setting many up for the use of alcohol, especially those who were sexually-abused by their captors. No other people were deprived of their human rights, religion, languages, or their traditions as have Aboriginal First Nations. Traditions cannot be passed along when children are sent far away from their homes and extended families. It is a tribute to the strength and durability of First Nations people to have withstood such wretched treatment, by so-called civilized good Christian men and women. Subjecting children to covert experimental laboratory studies while at residential school was in the best interests of the child how?