Mich. Supreme Court Justice Cavanagh Remarks before the Michigan Indian Judicial Association

The text of Justice Cavanagh’s talk can be downloaded here: Justice Cavanagh’s Remarks

Makah Whaling Prosecution in Both Tribal and Federal Courts

 

Makah tribal members seek postponement of federal trial for illegal whale hunt

Seattle Times staff reporter

 

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COURTESY US ATTORNEY’S OFFICE

This grey whale was illegally harpooned, shot and killed by five Makah tribal whalers.

 

 

Defense attorneys for Makah tribal members accused of illegally hunting a gray whale last September are seeking to postpone a federal trial at least until March so they have more time to prepare their case.

And despite Makah leaders’ earlier vows of swift tribal justice for the men, a trial in tribal court has been slowed because the tribal prosecutor has family and business ties to two of the accused.

The five whalers were indicted on violations of the Marine Mammal Protection Act by a grand jury in U.S. District Court in October. The misdemeanor charges could mean up to a year in jail and a $100,000 fine.

No date has been set for a trial yet, but the defense request for a delay means early March or even April, said Assistant U.S. Attorney Jim Oesterle.

“We would just as soon do this sooner than later,” Oesterle said. The five men harpooned and shot a gray whale in the Strait of Juan de Fuca Sept. 8. The tribe did not have a necessary waiver to hunt a whale under its treaty with the U.S. The case has hampered efforts by the tribe to get that waiver, and that makes tribal leaders eager to put the case behind them.

But Neah Bay is a small town, and the tribe needs to find someone other than its usual tribal prosecutor to try two of the defendants because she is related to one of them and had a family business relationship with the other.

Like many cases, this one may actually never see trial. Members of the Makah tribal council have been discussing the benefits of a settlement, in which a single plea agreement could be negotiated between the federal and tribal governments, said Micah McCarty, a tribal council member.

“I believe it would be better for the federal and tribal government to keep this from going to trial,” McCarty said. “We would lean favorably toward that, we have had discussions just recently among the council, and I think my colleagues would concur if this is a possibility. A trial could be turned into a media circus that we don’t want to be a part of.”

John Arum, an attorney for the Makah Nation, said such a discussion is premature. But he agreed taking the case to trial was not the best outcome for anyone.

“We are doing what we can to make it less likely that will happen,” Arum said. McCarty said the tribe remains committed to prosecution. “We have a sense of urgency in light of our reputation that we are a government that respects the rule of law,” he said.

Vann v. Kempthorne Materials

Last December, the federal court denied the Cherokee Nation’s motion to dismiss Vann v. Kempthorne. The Nation had argued that it was a necessary and indispensable party under FRCP 19. And, because it hadn’t waived its immunity, the Nation argued that the federal case must be dismissed. The United States argued that the case should be dismissed under the tribal court exhaustion doctrine. The court disagreed.

Vann 2nd Amended Complaint

Cherokee Motion to Dismiss

Opposition to Cherokee Motion

Cherokee Reply Brief

US Brief

Order Denying Motion

My own article on Rule 19 and tribal interests is here.

Village of Pender v. Parker — tribal court exhaustion case

Recently, a federal judge in Nebraska stayed a federal claim that the Omaha tribe has no authority to require on-reservation, non-Indian liquor vendors to obtain a tribal license to sell liquor.

The judge noted that this appears to be a question of first impression (“While the briefing has been excellent, neither side has given me a case that is squarely on point regarding whether exhaustion is required in these circumstances. As a result, I must read the ‘tea leaves.'”), but correctly stayed the case until the tribal court had a chance to opine on the jurisdiction questions.

The 2nd amended complaint is here: Complaint

The tribal motion to dismiss is here: Motion to Dismiss

The opposition is here: Opposition to Motion to Dismiss

The reply is here: Reply Brief

The court’s stay order and opinion is here: DCT Order Denying Motion to Dismiss