Ninth Circuit Affirms Constitutionality of Bald Eagle Protection Act

In consolidated cases, the Ninth Circuit affirmed the constitutionality of prosecuting American Indians under the Bald and Golden Eagles Protection Act, rejecting a challenge under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act. A similar case is under review by the Tenth Circuit (United States v. Friday).

The Ninth Circuit applied a 2003 precedent, United States v. Antoine, upholding the law under similar facts. Here are the materials.

us-v-antoine-ca9-2003

vasquez-ramos-opening-brief

rodriguez-martinez-opening-brief

united-states-appellee-brief

joint-reply-brief

us-v-vasquez-ramos-ca9-2008

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