Here are the updated materials in United States v. Washington (W.D. Wash.), subproceeding 19-01:
Earlier briefs here.
Here are the updated materials in United States v. Washington (W.D. Wash.), subproceeding 19-01:
Earlier briefs here.
Here are the materials in United States v. Washington, subproceeding 11-02 (W.D. Wash.):
Port Gamble and Jamestown S’Kllalam Tribes Brief
Lower court materials here.
Here are the new materials in United States v. Washington (W.D. Wash.) [subproceeding 11-02]:
238 Jamestown and Port Gamble S’Klallam Tribes Motion
247 Jamestown and Port Gamble Reply
255 Jamestown and Port Gamble Response
262 Jamestown and Port Gamble Surreply
Ninth Circuit materials here and here.
Previous lower court court materials here.
Here is Quileute & Quinault’s response, addressing issues such as whether the Stevens treaties must be read together, the meaning of “fish” and whether U&As are species-specific, the proper use of the canons of construction, and what we know of the treaty negotiations at issue here.
Previous coverage here.
Here is the opinion in Lower Elwha Klallam Tribe v. Lummi Nation.
From the syllabus:
The panel reversed the district court’s summary judgment in favor of the Lower Elwha Klallam Indian Tribe, and held that the disputed waters west of Whidbey Island, Washington were included in the Lummi Nation’s right of taking fish at usual and accustomed grounds and stations (“U & A”) under the 1855 Treaty of Point Elliot.
In United States v. Washington, 384 F. Supp. 312 (W.D. Wash. 1974), Judge Boldt developed a framework for determining U & As for Indian signatories to the Treaty. In Finding of Fact 46, Judge Boldt stated that the U & A for the Lummi Indians “included the marine areas of Northern Puget Sound from the Fraser River south to the present
environs of Seattle.”To determine whether the waters west of Whidbey Island were included in the Lummi’s U & A, the panel followed a two-step procedure. At step one, the panel held that Fact 46 was ambiguous because it did not clearly include or exclude the disputed waters. At step two, the panel examined the record before Judge Boldt to clarify his intent, and concluded that the district court erred in excluding the disputed waters
from the Lummi’s U & A. The panel held that the district court improperly imposed a heightened standard in holding that logic or linguistics needed to “compel the conclusion” that contested waters be included in a U & A.
Briefs here.