Commentaries on the Eighth Circuit’s Amerind Decision

We’ve received several comments about the case worth reposting here.

From an Amerind rep:

Amerind’s policies require Amerind to pay all judgments rendered against its policyholders. For over 25 years, Amerind has consistently honored this commitment.

The United States Housing and Urban Development has also approved and recognized Amerind as the only authorized insurance entity for Indian country.

The Eighth Circuit’s decision applies in a very narrow set of circumstances—where suit is brought directly against Amerind rather than the policyholder.

From Richard Monette:

It seems that to the extent Amerind is in fact “self-insuring” it is indeed acting more as a government than a business and that such activity may be cloaked in the the charter Tribes’ immunity. However, it also seems that to the extent that Amerind is not self-insuring, it is indeed acting more as a business than a government and may not carry the charter Tribes’ immunity beyond the governing territories of those Tribes. Is a company not chartered by Turtle Mountain but doing business in Turtle Mountain really “self-insuring”? Note to Turtle Mountaineers: if you wish for these types of catastrophes to be covered by insurance, your tribe/housing authority must establish its own section 477 self-insurance entity, as each tribe should, the likely original intent of the law.

And from Richard Phelps (previously and erroneously noted as Richard Monette):

I am a firm believer in sovereign immonity but cases like this that push the limits, put that immunity in grave danger.
Also why would you purchase insurance from a company that can not be sued if it refuses to pay a claim. I guess State farm would like this deal.

And a link to a commentary by Gabe Galanda on his blog. His post is titled, “Amerind Should Clearly Waive Its Immunity in Insurance Contracts.”

Eighth Circuit (2-1) Holds Amerind Insurance Co. Immune From Suit in Tribal and Federal Courts

Very important decision. Our prior commentary on this case is here.

Here are the materials:

Amerind v. Malaterre CA8 Opinion

Amerind Opening Brief

Malaterre Brief

Amerind Reply

Malaterre Letter Brief re Immunity

Amerind Brief re Immunity

Prisoner Challenge to Tribal Per Cap Garnishment Rejected by Eighth Circuit

Here are the materials in United States v. Whitetail:

CA8 Opinion in Whitetail

Whitetail Brief

US Brief in Whitetail

Whitetail Reply

White Earth Band Awarded Millions in Tribal Court Dispute with Former Chair and Gaming Management Co.

From the Bemidji Pioneer:

An $18,562,767.45 money judgment was recently awarded to the White Earth Band of Chippewa against Angelo Medure and Gaming World International, Ltd. (GWI).

The award culminates a 14-year struggle of the people of White Earth to recover illegal profit distributions made to Medure and Gaming World International. The legal action began in White Earth Tribal Court and then removed by GWI and Medure to Federal Court and then remanded back to Tribal Court by the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals.

Medure was found to have conspired with former White Earth Chairman Darrell “Chip” Wadena to deprive the people of White Earth the benefits of the White Earth Land Settlement Act (WELSA). Although agreement provisions between GWI and Wadena required that Medure provide management services for the construction, development and operation of the Shooting Star Casino, GWI had no employees at the Shooting Star Casino at any time. In spite of having no employees at Shooting Star Casino, GWI and Medure were paid $10,153,772.61 in profit distributions. The management agreement required GWI to pay back the White Earth Land Settlement Act (WELSA) funds before any profit distributions were made to GWI.

Continue reading

Eighth Circuit Rejects Indian Prisoner’s Claim Feds Had No Jurisdiction Over Him under Treaty of Fort Laramie

Here are the materials in United States v. White Mountain (unpublished opinion here):

White Mountain Opening Brief

USA Appellee Brief

White Mountain Reply Brief

 

Supreme Court Denies Cert in Indian Country Voting Rights Case

The Eighth Circuit’s 7-4 en banc decision in Cottier v. City of Martin, S.D. will stand. Order list here.

Eighth Circuit Affirms Conviction of Crow Creek Sioux Member in SORNA Case

Here is the opinion in United States v. Voice.

An excerpt:

In addition to the due process contention previously discussed, Voice’s motion to dismiss the indictment argued that SORNA (1) does not apply to him because the Crow Creek Sioux Tribe has not implemented it, and (2) is  unconstitutional as applied to him because it violates the Ex Post Facto Clause, the non-delegation doctrine, and exceeds Congress’s power to regulate interstate commerce. On appeal, Voice acknowledges that we have recently decided these issues against him but argues the district court erred in denying his motion to dismiss on these grounds to preserve them for possible Supreme Court review. We agree these arguments are foreclosed by prior panel decisions.

Eighth Circuit Affirms Upward Departure from Sentencing Guidelines Based on Seven Prior Tribal Court Convictions

Here is the opinion in United States v. Cook.

The court notes on page 3 that the seven prior tribal court convictions “alone” were enough to justify the upward departure from the sentencing guidelines. Not sure how many, if any, of the tribal court convictions were counseled.

Eighth Circuit Refuses to Intervene in North Dakota State Bar Disciplinary Action Involving MHA Nation-Licensed Attorney

Here is the opinion in Gillette v. North Dakota Disciplinary Board Counsel.

Lower federal court materials here.

Eighth Circuit Upholds Tribal Court Jurisdiction over Nonmember in Sac and Fox Leadership Dispute

Here are the materials in Attorney’s Process and Investigation Services v. Sac and Fox Tribe:

APIS v. Sac and Fox Tribe opinion

APIS Brief

Sac and Fox Brief

APIS Reply Brief