Fletcher: Against Generalist Judges

Please check out Against Generalist Judges on SSRN (also available on the Stanford Law Review website).

Here is the “abstract”:

This essay offers yet another proposal for Supreme Court reform. My proposal is rooted in a preference for subject matter expertise in judging. Drawing from arbitration practice, I propose a system in which the parties to federal court litigation — from federal district court all the way to the Supreme Court — negotiate and choose judges from a pool of subject matter experts. The pool would consist of Article III judges who develop subject matter expertise in a given field, say, intellectual property or federal Indian law, and who are available to hear cases over which they are experts, not generalists. Although seemingly radical, there are already formal and informal models for this structure, namely the Federal Circuit, the D.C. Circuit, state courts of criminal appeals, tribal courts, and of course arbitration itself.

Yes, old man shaking fist at cloud. That’s me.

California Federal Court Orders Alturas Indian Rancheria Tribal Leader to Pay $68K Contempt Citation

Here is the order in State of California v. Del Rosa (E.D. Cal.):

Prior post here.

Oregon COA Affirms Enforcement of Cowlitz Tribal Court Order re: Customary Adoption under ICWA

Here is the opinion in Dept. of Human Services v. T.G.:

Alaska SCT Affirms Grant of Full Faith and Credit to Native Village of Tanana Court Order under ICWA

Here is the unpublished opinion in Jethro A. v. Native Village of Tanana:

Chippewa Cree Indians of Rocky Boy Sue Chouteau County for Vote Dilution

On August 14, 2025, the Chippewa Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy’s Reservation and two Native voters filed a lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Montana challenging Chouteau County’s unfair, at-large voting system for the Board of County Commissioners. The suit alleges the system unlawfully dilutes the voting strength of Native voters and has denied them any representation on the County Commission for more than a decade.   

Read more here and see the Complaint below.

Arizona Federal Court Decides Welsh v. Loudbear

Here are the materials in Welsh v. Loudbear (D. Ariz.):

1 Complaint

16 Motion to Dismiss

17 Opposition

19 Reply

20 DCT Order

D.C. Federal Court Rejects Salt River Health Care Funding Claims against Feds

Here are the materials in Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community v. Kennedy (D. D.C.):

42 Amended Complaint

71 Salt River Motion for Summary J

74 Federal Motion for Summary J

78 Salt River Reply

80 Federal Reply

83 DCT Order

Arizona Federal Court Declines to Issue Preliminary Injunction in Oak Flat Matter

Here are the new materials in San Carlos Apache Tribe v. United States (D. Ariz.):

105 Tribe Motion for Preliminary Injunction

114 Federal Opposition

116 Resolution Copper Opposition

119 Reply

124 DCT Order

Federal Claims Court Finds No Compensable Trust Breach in MHA Nation Members’ Royalties Dispute

Here are the new materials in Birdbear v. United States (Fed. Cl.):

365 US Post Trial Brief

366 Plaintiffs Post Trial Brief

376 DCT Order

Prior post here.

Sault Tribe Seeks Supreme Court Review of Federal Court Approval of Treaty Rights Consent Decree

Here is the petition in Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians v. Michigan:

Question presented:

Whether a district court has “inherent equitable power” to enter a coercive “decree” restricting an Indian tribe’s treaty rights without its consent and without satisfying this Court’s well-established standards for injunctive relief.

Lower court materials here.