Resources for Indian Student Education v. Cedarville Rancheria Tribal Court Complaint

Here is the complaint and a motion for TRO in Resources for Indian Student Education v. Cedarville Rancheria of Northern Paiute Indians (E.D. Cal.):

1 Complaint + Tribal Court Materials

4 Motion for TRO

9 DCT Order Denying Motion

FTCA Claim Arising from Tule River Reservation Employee-Caused Accident Dismissed

Here are the materials in Manuel v. United States (E.D. Cal.):

11-1 US Motion to Dismiss

16 Manuel Opposition

21 US Reply

23 DCT Order

An excerpt:

In sum, Plaintiff fails to establish that the Tribe’s self-determination contracts authorized Hammond’s acts or omissions underlying Plaintiff’s negligence claim. Allender, 379 F. Supp. 2d at 1211. Defendant, however, has demonstrated that the Tribe’s self-determination contracts did not establish, fund, or contemplate Hammond’s position as Tribal community liaison. Plaintiff has also failed to allege facts showing that Hammond was carrying out any of the Tribe’s self-determination contracts. The Court therefore finds that Hammond is not an employee of the federal government under Section 314. Consequently, Defendant is not subject to liability under the FTCA for Hammond’s alleged negligence. Accordingly, the Court must dismiss Plaintiff’s complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.

Paskenta Gaming Injunction Case Voluntarily Dismissed

Here are the new materials in State of California v. Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians (E.D. Cal.):

32 California Motion for Dismissal without Prejudice

34 Paskenta Notice of Voluntary Dismissal

36 DCT Order Modifying Injunction

37 DCT Order Dismissing Case

We posted on this case here, here, here, and here.

Federal Court Issues Preliminary Injunction in Picayune Casino Dispute

Here are the materials in State of California v. Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians (E.D. Cal.):

9 McDonald Faction Opposition to TRO

10 Unification Council Response to TRO

25 California Motion for PI

30 Unification Council Response to PI Motion

31 NIGC Materials

33 McDonald Faction Response to PI Motion

42 California Reply in Support of PI Motion

48 DCT Order Granting PI

From the order:

The Court orders that the Tribe, and all if its officers, agents, servants, employees and attorneys, and all persons acting under the Tribe’s direction and control, including all  groups currently claiming to constitute the tribal government, are hereby enjoined and  restrained from:

1. Attempting to disturb, modify or otherwise change the circumstances that were in effect at the Casino as of the afternoon of October 8, 2014. This prohibition includes, without limitation, attempting to repossess, or take control of the Casino in whole or in part. Payments in the ordinary course of business, including mandatory fees to the gaming commission actually supervising the Casino’s operations on October 8, 2014, and per capita tribal distributions based upon the Tribe’s membership list as of December 1, 2010, that are made in equal amounts, are not violative of this Injunction. No discretionary payments shall be made to any group claiming to be the duly constituted tribal council or claiming control over tribal matters.

2. Deploying tribal police or other armed personnel of any nature within 1,000 yards from the Casino, the property on which the Casino is located, and tribal properties surrounding the Casino, including the adjacent hotel and nearby tribal offices (collectively, “Tribal Properties”). This prohibition includes weapons of any nature or sort such as, by way of example but not limited to, firearms, tasers, knives, clubs, and batons. The only armed personnel allowed within the Tribal Properties are members of federal, state, and local law enforcement agencies who are acting within the scope of their official duties.

3. Possessing, carrying, displaying, or otherwise having firearms on the Tribal Properties.

4. Removing documents or other property from the Casino, or continuing to possess, or possessing, documents or other property removed from the Casino during and after the morning of October 9, 2014. All such documents or other property that were removed and have not been returned shall be returned immediately.

5. Operating the Casino unless and until it is established before this Court that the public health and safety of Casino patrons, employees, and tribal members can be adequately protected from the violent confrontations and threats of violent confrontation among the tribal groups disputing leadership of the Tribe and control of the Casino. This prohibition shall have no further force and effect if the NIGC issues an order lifting its Closure Order and, within one-half court day thereof, the State does not object to reopening the Casino.

This preliminary injunction will remain in effect until resolution of the case by settlement or judgment or the Court’s further order.

TRO materials are here and here.

Ninth Circuit Opening Brief In Appeal Of Ruling That Removal To Federal Court Waives Immunity

Here is the opening brief in Bodi v. Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians:

Shingle Springs Opening Brief

Here are some excerpts:

Because Indian tribes are sovereigns preexisting the United States and its Constitution, they may be sued only where the tribe or Congress unequivocally expresses consent to suit.  Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez, 436 U.S. 49, 56, 58-59 (1978).  Recently, the U.S. Supreme Court has admonished that the federal courts may not “carv[e] out exceptions” to the broad protections sovereign immunity provides federally recognized tribal governments.  Michigan v. Bay Mills Indian Community, 134 S. Ct. 2024, 2031 (2014).  In this case, the district court did precisely that.  . . .  [T]he court reasoned that, because the Tribe could have chosen to raise its tribal sovereign immunity defense in state court, the Tribe’s choice to raise the defense in federal court waived it.  Specifically, the court concluded the Tribe had “no principled reason” to remove the federal claims filed against it to federal court, and that, by virtue of the removal, the Tribe lost its right to assert its sovereign immunity to the lawsuit, at all.  . . . No law authorized the district court to imply a waiver on this basis, and in fact, the very notion that a Tribe can waive its immunity by implication contradicts well established principles of federal Indian law governing sovereign immunity.  It also contradicts the only federal appellate court decision to address the issue of whether an Indian tribe’s removal of a case to federal court waives the Tribe’s immunity to suit.  In that case, the Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeal specifically held it does not.  Contour Spa at the Hard Rock, Inc. v. Seminole Tribe of Fla., 692 F.3d 1200, 1208 (11th Cir. 2012). 

***

Apart from the dissonance between a rule that finds waiver of immunity from a tribe’s removal of a suit in which it is an involuntary participant, while preserving immunity where the tribe itself voluntarily files suit, the district court’s rule would incentivize litigation, unduly burdening both Indian tribes and federal courts alike.  Under the district court’s rule, an Indian tribe with any reason (even remotely) to anticipate suit on a federal claim would be incentivized to file preemptive suit in federal court, hoping to beat the prospective state court plaintiff to the courthouse.  This would result in a groundswell of preemptive federal court litigation by Indian tribes, requiring federal courts, in many instances, to expend their limited judicial resources issuing declarations on matters that would not have otherwise coalesced into litigation.  There is certainly no “principled reason” to impose this burden on Indian tribes and federal courts by manufacturing an arbitrary distinction between cases Indian tribes file in federal court seeking a declaration as to their sovereign rights, on one hand, and cases Indian tribes remove to federal court to assert a sovereign immunity defense, on the other.

Lower court materials here.

Updated Materials in California v. Picayune Rancheria

Here are the new pleadings in State of California v. Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians (E.D. Cal.):

[0] Response to TRO

[1] Declaration of R. Rosette

[2]Declaration of S. Olson

[4] Declaration of G. Tan

[5] Declaration of K. Frazel

More coming.

Prior post on this case here.

California Sues Chukchansi for Emergency Relief (Updated with Federal Court Closure Order)

Here is Friday’s complaint in State of California v. Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians (E.D. Cal.):

1 Complaint

An excerpt:

This action seeks emergency and other appropriate injunctive relief to prevent an imminent threat to the public health and safety. Opposing tribal groups of the Picayune Rancheria of Chukchansi Indians of California (Chukchansi) claim to constitute the tribal government and have the right to control the Chukchansi Gold Resort and Casino (Casino) located in Madera County, California. Even though the State gives deference to Chukchansi’s sovereignty to resolve its intra-tribal dispute, public health, safety, and welfare have become threatened. Supported by armed security forces, the groups have taken actions to occupy, control, or forcibly enter facilities in, adjacent to, and near the Casino located in Coarsegold, California. This is an imminent threat to the public health and safety of Chukchansi’s members, the Casino’s patrons and employees, and the State’s residents. Therefore, this Court should issue orders to protect the public, including temporarily restraining, and permanently enjoining, attempts to take control, or possession, of the Casino and related or nearby facilities, deploying armed personnel at or near the Casino, and carrying firearms at the Casino and related tribal properties; and, further prohibiting operation of the Casino unless and until it is established before this Court that the public health and safety of Casino patrons, employees, and tribal members can be adequately protected from the violent confrontations and threats of violent confrontation among the tribal factions disputing leadership of the Tribe and control of the Casino.

Update:

2-2 California Motion for TRO

2-3 Declaration

5 DCT Order Granting TRO

 

Federal Court Dismisses & Remands Silvia Burley/California Miwok Challenge to Foreclosure of Tribal Building

Here are the materials in Burley v. OneWest Bank (E.D. Cal.):

14 Onewest Bank Response to Order to Show Cause

15 Burley Response to Order to Show Cause

17 DCT Order

Prior post with materials here.

Federal Court Rules in Favor of Interior and Lower Klamath River Tribes in Water Dispute

Here are the materials in San Luis & Delta-Mendota Water Authority v. Jewell (E.D. Cal.):

95 First Amended Complaint

113 Water Districts Motion for Summary J

116 Pacific Coast Federation of Fisherman Opposition

118 Hoopa Opposition

119 Yurok Opposition

120-1 US Opposition

122 California Amicus Opposition

125 Water Districts Reply

132 Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen Reply

133 Hoopa Reply

134 Yurok Reply

135 US Reply 

175 DCT Order

News coverage here: “Judge won’t stop emergency water releases helping Klamath Basin salmon.”

UPDATE 10/8/14:

181 DCT Order on Cross Motions for Summary J

Estom Yumeka Maidu Tribe of the Enterprise Rancheria Sues California for Failure to Negotiate in Good Faith Under IGRA

Here is the complaint in Estom Yumeka Maidu Tribe of the Enterprise Rancheria v. California (E.D. Cal.):

1 Complaint

An excerpt:

This is an action brought under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (“IGRA”), 25 U.S.C. § 2710(d)(7)(A)(i), to compel Defendant the State of California (the “State” or “California”) to comply with IGRA’s requirement that it negotiate in good faith with Plaintiff Estom Yumeka Maidu Tribe of the Enterprise Rancheria (“the Tribe”) for the purpose of entering into a tribal-state gaming compact pursuant to IGRA.